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Taking into account that have already served more than eight years after the publication of my first book "Thinking Dangerously ..." and remember how my teacher Fernando Fuenzalida who is in poor health, now hang Fernando wrote the text for publication on my work. Note also the references to the late Samuel Huntington.

BETWEEN THE NOMOS AND ANOM
Introduction to the Book of Eduardo Hernando, Thinking Dangerously: Thinking reactionary and dilemmas of deliberative democracy. By Fernando Fuenzalida Vollmar

6. kai nun to katecon oidate, auton eis to apokaluqhnai in kairow.7 autou tw. energeitai to ths hdh gar musthrion anomias Monon or artificial katecon ek mesou genhtai ews.
TS.2: II ,6-7

three historical paradigms, each more pessimistic, dominate the troubled horizon end of this millennium and century, the "bloodiest Christian history" in the words of John Paul II.
The first (1992), the U.S. neo-Hegelian Francis Fukuyama Japan, an official of the Office of Policy Planning U.S. State Department analyst with the Rand Corporation. The second (1993), one of the new supermen of Harvard, Samuel P. Huntington, also American, Director of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, which sponsored the same Fukuyama, and former director of the already very controversial Council on Foreign Relations. As it pursues the trail of Spengler. The third (1992), far less widespread, a philosopher almost unknown outside of the most select circles in Europe: the Greek Panajotis Kondylis, who since 1984 had been invoked among the great thinkers of today because of his essay on Power and Decision (Macht und Entscheiund). Kondylis is a professor in Heidelberg and disciple of Conze. Is often cited, among others, Nietzsche, Karl Marx, Carl Schmitt as the instigators of Panajotis Kondylis.
In less than eight years Fukuyama's thesis and has been proclaimed urbi et orbi. The central argument derives its direction from Hegel and Nietzsche and applies to the consummation of history from the fall of the Soviet double and the wall: the entrance to an era in which the victory of liberal democracy and capitalism are already irreversible. Paradoxically announcing the victory is not of obscurantism and social conservatism associated bourgeois Marxism to capitalism. But of the bourgeois revolution Itself the American and French --- --- paralyzed until today, in its achievements. by the resistance of archaic forces, creating myths and utopian Marxism represented. To the dismay of the old left, the reverse reaction neoliberal revolution and thus their signs. The conflicts that the world could continue watching in future years will no longer be anything but petty quarrels between forces embodying ancient values, stage of decomposition, and the progressive force of liberalism, representative democracy and market hits that - from the United States of America - the embodiment of post-history of a world without order and monohegemónico unicultural to Fukuyama acknowledges that it finally as a "future that has no future" and that is lost in the tedium of empty hedonistic ideals and pragmatism.
In the hazy ideological horizon and Teutonic in seeking to move the three paradigms, the model of Huntington outlines rather a Ragnarok or Final Battle. Major players in the world are born --- --- no longer announces the super powers as before, but the central states of the eight primary judging civilizations: the Euro-American, the East European or Slavic, Islamic, the Confucian, Buddhist, Japanese, the Latin American and African. Behave - says - like gigantic "plates" that will inevitably collide with each other, leading to an endless series of convulsions and wars that will shape the century is born. Meanwhile, people of common culture are getting closer. The countries of plural cultures disintegrate or face wrenching tension. In this new world, local politics ends up focusing on the ethnic conflict, global politics of civilization to the largest scales. Panajotis
Kondylis, more fundamentally Germany - maybe just because of their Hellenic origin - strives to transcend the fog light Teutonic Hyperborean. More than Fukuyama and Huntington, reaches out to distinguished thinkers of our philosophical tradition that exert significant influence on the thought of Schmitt. As with youth Cieszkowski Hegelian, it is concerned, above all, the relationship between theory and practice, the dichotomy between the existence and logical text and between the often conflicting that they impose. Polysemy, universally confusing, contradictory and empty at the bottom, revealing the empirical examination of common notions as freedom, democracy, liberalism or free market and that orders and commands the conflicts of the era is it accidental or inherent part of language in modern times? --- Is not echoes Schmitt - inherent to the same word - particularly in the political arena - meaning controversial?. Kondylis systematically avoids the trap of imposing abstractions, taking refuge in the concrete man placed in a given historical situation. "There is only human stock placed in specific situations, they act and react specifically on each occasion, one of these specific actions and reactions is, as usual terminology in conceiving ideas or appropriated. But the ideas do not intervene immediately, but are only human lives that are going to act on behalf of those ideas within organized societies. Similarly, combinations of ideas are the work of human existence are founded on their own relationship with other stocks. In short, ideas are neither winners nor losers, victory or defeat symbolize dominance or submission of certain human lives, "he says." Thought and language among the instruments of self-affirmation. " "Surely, it is possible to die by` the 'truth-but only for ours, ie, which coincides with our own identity. "logic of combat - or rather the friend-enemy relationship as you think Carl Schmitt defines a ontological relationship that transcends ideology and text.
What counts, therefore, ultimately in the age to start, should not be sought in the logic of triumphant speech - mere image in the virtual language --- but in its relationship with the practice of separating it and face a growing gap. The growing antagonism and inconsistency between idealization and existence, between the moral language and action of force. Based on these inconsistencies Kondylis envisions a different scenario in which the forces at play are rather they represent a "small and large." A struggle oriented side to impose a uniform, abstract and formal in the global order on a denial of stocks and real and concrete human differences, and the other to affirm the right of small nations to their own demands for freedom and democracy or human rights in the terms themselves derive their identities. And it warns that as early as the ultramontane De Maistre who claimed never to have known men, but simply German, Greek, Persian and French: "... qui est faite constitution binds pour toutes les Nations, aucune n'est faite pour: Basket pure abstraction unites unites scolastique oeuvre fait pour exercer l'esprit d'après joins hypothèse idéale, et qu'il faut à l'adresse homme, dans les espaces ou il imaginaires dwell. " The technical world of instrumental rationality, utilitarian rationality of rule of law, the atomistic individualism and impersonation of human ties that this brings up the worst enemy of peace in times to come and will be --- --- Kondylis perceived as crucial factors in a massive resurgence of nationalism and historical identities.
Despite the differences in their approaches and specific approaches to the three paradigms with which I have chosen in these pages present the philosophical horizon that opens the millennium agree on the identification of a corrosive force that undermines from their roots all the foreseeable future. Is the force --- o --- antifuerza of anomie and moral decay that affects the foundations of the new society from the moment they are born.
"A Fukuyama is concerned about the selfishness and excessive individualism of liberal societies, his relentless erosion of all forms of community and social morality. To function properly, liberal societies do not depend on cultural traditions or pre-liberal liberals, especially those based on religion. And it is precisely these traditions that undermines liberalism. If all the world is becoming liberal, everyone is also becoming amoral, "says Krishan Khumar." Lockean liberals like Jefferson and Franklin ... ... do not hesitate to affirm that freedom required belief in God. The social contract between rational self-interested individuals, in other words, did not stand by itself but required additional belief in divine punishments and rewards. "The decline has occurred not in spite of liberal principles, but because of them ... will not be possible any strengthening of community life ... unless individuals accept a return to certain forms history of intolerance "Fukuyama I quoted in my hand some years ago where Fukuyama
And that leaves open the door of intolerance whose opening will become more favorable in their writings and books later, Samuel Huntington is imposed open it from a different perspective. Governments and peoples around the world are facing an identity crisis --- --- argues that redefining resolved in cultural terms. As a result of this process, global politics is being reconfigured along cultural lines. The essence of the current conflicts in the world --- says - it is cultural in nature and the sticking points are those where different civilizations come into contact. The appropriate image --- --- insists would be tectonic plates, colliding, some overlapping, some sink, but in any case, serious disturbances occur. Samuel Huntington, phrasing this geology so fictitious that turn into an instrument of homogenization or universal devastation of cultural diversity at its core fundamentally religious --- --- relentless arguing that neither the execution the state of universal democracy or the global open market that considers inseparable from the spirit of Euro-American civilization could be done only under one cover in political leadership and the imposition of a single system of beliefs, values \u200b\u200band behaviors - - --- religion is essentially to guarantee the uniformity of global culture.
"One of the most defining features of modernity is the hatred of cultural diversity. For modernity can only be a culture, his own. Ethnocidal Modernity is by definition and substance. Today the United States are launching a titanic struggle to remove and destroy the great cultures that still exist on our planet. As new Jacobins on a global scale, the objective-and formally declared and taken-none other than the removal of the planet's surface every vestige of cultural diversity, "according to a recent comment by the way the horizon that Huntington suggests.
" The failure of the major tenets of mass democracy can lead not only to a long and wild disorder, but also a brutal order where politics, reduced to the distribution of goods, impose by force a severe discipline in order to precisely , to perform this task. Could then kept the ideal of equality and interpreted further democratic and material, but not may do likewise with hedonistic attitudes that are the basis of mass consumption in Western democracies ...", meanwhile Kondylis says .. "the way global society confronts the problem of anomie significant influence on the future structure of world order and the nature of future wars. "elsewhere suggests that the combination of mass democracy and universal ethics could lead to a biological concept of politics-a politics reduced to a mere struggle for survival. Kondylis's thought derives a conclusion that was expected. The concerns of Huntington and Fukuyama are nothing more than the manifestation of a desire frustrated that refuses to control herself in her own principle: where the temporal authority --- which by its very nature is external order and rooted in the realm of material forces and the moral authority --- - , which by its nature is both internal and spiritual root --- logos have been bizarre, the telos and the prefectures that make up its principle of harmony in the human order, inevitably extends into the ground and the darkness of Sauron Mordor establishing the dominance of abnormality and the Empire of Anomia.
The problem of anomie is not, of course, the sole concern of the sociological school of Durkheim's positivist but is inextricably woven into the discussion not only meta thinkers like Schmitt (how to talk without addressing the nomos of anomie?), in the ultramontanes teopolíticas like De Maistre, Chateaubriand, De Bonald, Donoso and others, and of course in purely theological of those who have busy apocalyptic eschatology or doctrine on the theme have now come to agree secular thinkers of the millennium. At the other end of the Durkheimian discussion on statistical indicators of social breakdown and suicide rates is beyond the boundaries between orthodoxy Latin and a long tradition of exegesis of Pauline texts of Thessalonians and the prophecies of Daniel that has been shared in the West by great thinkers such as Isaac Newton and the east by philosophers such as Nikolai Danilevsky, Vladimir Soloviev and his followers today. Teopolítica Is this a tradition to which De Maistre certainly was not foreign and security which had become familiar with during those long white nights where evenings spent his exile in St. Petersburg. His most explicit expression is contained in the Pauline text that serves as epigraph to this site and that free and modern translation can be read in these terms: "You know what the [katejón] shows that prevents [the Apocalypse] anomie's secret ... and if it is removed it holds that [the katéjon] the abnorm be displayed openly. "I apologize to translators working, stressed that the Greek word anomia, katejón and anomie that our Bibles are often translated as" lawlessness "," obstacle, impediment or seal "and" man of lawlessness "or" antichrist. "I will just here to play the commentary Dughin Alexander, one of the leading geopolitical thinkers in post-revolutionary Russia" on the teological and soteriologic function of the Emperor, based on 2nd message of the Apostle Saint Paul to Ptessalonicians, in Which the question WAS about the "holding one", "catejón", the "holding one "is Identified by the orthodox Christian exegetes with the Orthodox Christian Emperor and the Orthodox Christian Empire. Catholicism from the Beginning - ie right after the defection from the united Church - Took Another model INSTEAD of the symphonic (caesarean-papist) one, in Which the Authority of Roman Pope spread Also onto the spheres, Which Were Strictly Referred to Basileus's competence in the symphonic scheme. Catholicism broke the providential harmony Between the temporal and spiritual dominions, and, According To the Christian doctrine, heresy Fell Into. "
It is bright with this, the core eschatological deeply hidden behind the forms philosophical, ideological, political and even legal shown in the more or less agitated surface of this discussion about the telos of evolution and the progress that has already lasted at least two centuries in the societies of Latin and Hellenic origin, and that from a theological framework for covert scientistic jargon of social science of the French postrevolución articulates so many aspects of our modern thinking as those relating to ultramontanism, utopian socialism, Synarchism of Saint Yves, Saint-Simonian and positivism of Comte, the Hegelian Hegelianism and youth , the political messianism of Towiariski and Mickievicz, the utopians evangelical Protestants of the nineteenth century, the orthodox Slav, Marxism, Bolshevism, Nazism with its aspiration joaquimita and last but not least to new secular ideologies of the millennium and the ubiquitous New Age raves. New roads that are open to the investigation of these last two hundred years now no longer disturbed by the ghost of communism but that of anomie its first explorers found today in the research of Elinor Schaffer, Laurence Dickey. Krishan Kumar, Christopher Norris, Frank Kermode, Edward W. Said and many others. Their precursors in Löwith and Blumenberg. Said the first: "The progress irreligion remains a kind of religion that is derived from the Christian faith in a goal [telos] future and in which an eschaton replaced by a definite and indefinite transcendent and immanent.
But, once established, strengthened and confirmed the Kingdom of anomie and anomie this is the "lawlessness" in-equity "or "injustice", one in which the freedoms become abstractions and everyday life ends by force and the money subject to a fierce and tyrannical coercion, where privileges are no more subject to the measure of duty or duties of the accompanying respective rights, where the natural ties that bind men in a shared humanity are all dissolved and the individual, isolated in such a way - is subjected to total helplessness, where the moral rectitude and the effectiveness of forces remain in an insoluble contradiction in which souls are torn ... what is what we call reactionary?. Eduardo Hernando Nieto, this book provides us with an attempt to answer: is this finally - he says - which is really reactionary thought, a frank reaction to an action that makes this virtual reality in a clash between ideological worldview (revolution) and a meta-tradition (Catholicism). " --- Ideological worldview that is, the mere product of a doxa, a speculative opinion that aspires to be independent from the reason that transcends need. And a meta-tradition, this is anchored in a transcendent principle, the Logos and the Enlightenment that gave us written off and that shines in the darkness Yes as eternal guarantor of unity and harmony between spirit and flesh.
Arrived at the moment that a hundred years ago Nietzsche --- --- talking about history. Described as "the blue line," the force of things requires the inversion of values \u200b\u200bthat are already in full disrupted in this pathetic end of a civilization that has lost its north. If, as Fukuyama seeks, in the neoliberal revolution and its signs reversed reaction, the reaction is then finally Revolution. Shown unwavering, at last, as a growing call for the restoration aware of the seal, the katéjon in establishing the harmony of spirit and flesh, of reason and moral force of right and duty to community and individual and which makes our humanity in its fullness, epiphanic. An investment of Hegelianism epigonal and decadent as Fukuyama and Huntington Cieszkowski anticipated already, anticipating Karl Marx also to demand the return of theory to practice and rehabilitation of matter and the flesh in the social and economic justice as one in which ways of meeting identified work and spirit, thinkers of the stature of Ernst and Ernst Jünger Niekisch.
We will lead, in the hopes, the optimism of Schmitt: "The new nomos of the planet is growing irresistibly. Many do not see why more than death and destruction. Some of them live to the world. In fact, what we are seeing is the end made a long-standing relationship. The old nomos begins to decline and with it a whole system of measures, concepts and habits acquired. But what is not have to be pure excess, or a no enemy of all prefectures. may emerge just measures and may take a reasonable proportions, even amid the cruel battle between old and new forces. Again there are gods that rule. Wide is his greatness. " The man, likeness and image of the gods - Announces --- will be the measure of all things.
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